Peptide Science
Peptides are short chains of amino acids. What separates a peptide from a protein, why the body uses them as signals, and why that makes them both useful drugs and difficult ones.
News
Sponsor-reported Phase 3 results put retatrutide's mean weight reduction above any published figure for a drug. Here is what was measured, what was not, and what still has to happen.
Regulation
The phrase appears on nearly every research peptide sold online. It is a statement by the seller about intended use — not a regulatory designation, and not a safety assessment.
Peptide Science
The peptide/protein boundary is a convention, not a chemical fact — but it has real consequences for how these molecules are made, dosed and regulated.
Peptide Science
Half-life is the single number that decides whether a peptide can be a once-weekly medicine or nothing at all. How it is measured, how it is engineered, and how it is misused in marketing.
Clinical Trials
How to search ClinicalTrials.gov for a peptide, what each field on a trial record means, and how to tell an active programme from an abandoned one.
Regulation
Investigational, approved, discontinued and unstudied are four different states, and compounds in all four are sold side by side. How to tell them apart.
Guides
Nine questions that separate a study which tells you something from one that only looks like it does — written for readers without a research background.
Peptide Science
The methods behind peptide research — receptor binding assays, animal injury models, pharmacokinetics — and what each one can and cannot establish.
Regulation
From IND to NDA: the stages a peptide has to pass through to become a medicine, what each one tests, and why most compounds never finish.
Research Reviews
CJC-1295, ipamorelin and tesamorelin all raise growth hormone. Only one has an FDA approval, and the gap between them is the most instructive thing in this corner of peptide research.
Research Reviews
A structured reading of the BPC-157 literature — how much of it there is, where it comes from, what it measured, and what the absence of published human trial results means.
Regulation
Some peptides are FDA approved drugs. Most compounds sold as "peptides" are not. Here is how to tell the difference, and what approval does and does not mean.